DIVING-PAM-II and Universal Sample Holder DIVING-II-USH
The DIVING-PAM-II fluorometer permits examinations of photosynthesis down to 50 m water depth. All functions of the instrument can be controlled by 10 infrared reflection switches situated inside a transparent, cylinder-shaped housing. A new feature is the energy-saving B /W screen which displays instrument status and measured data. The transflective screen is readable even under sunlight. For long-term assessment of photosynthesis, the instrument can also be operated by a computer via a special underwater cable.
The innovative Miniature Spectrometer MINI-SPEC, being part of the basic DIVING-PAM-II system, adds a new level of information to studies of photosynthesis. The MINI-SPEC measures spectra of PAR, which are known to vary significantly with water depth. The device also permits spectral analyses of reflectance and fluorescence emission of a sample. Also new is an internal PAR sensor which continuously records the intensity of the internal light source of the DIVING-PAM-II.
Miniature spectrometer for PAR measurement, spectral information on PAR and reflectance
Wireless LAN for convenient data download at experimental site
Graphical and alphanumerical display by low-power consuming transflective B/W screen
High power LED for actinic light and saturation pulses. Far red LED for PS I.
Advanced pressure and temperature sensor
High capacity battery for more than 1,300 PS II yield measurements. Flash memory for more than 27,000 saturation pulse analyses
Continuous monitoring of internal light intensity by built-in PAR sensor
Automatic calculation of all relevant parameters of saturation pulse analysis
Accessories included in the basic system:1.5 m flexible fiber optics, miniature spectrometer, distance clip, dark leaf clips, surface holder, PC Interface Box, battery charger, USB cable, 5 m underwater cable, WinControl-3 software packed in a rugged outdoor transport case
In dry environment, accessories of the MINI-PAM-II fluorometer can be operated in conjunction with the DIVING-PAM-II.
BLUE & RED Version
The color of light emitted by the primary LED distinguishes the BLUE from the RED version of the DIVING-PAM-II fluorometer (Fig. 1). The BLUE version (DIVING-PAM-II/B) possesses a blue LED emitting maximally around 475 Nm which is replaced by a red LED emitting maximally around 655 nm in the RED version (DIVING-PAM-II/R). Both versions have a second LED providing far red light for specific excitation of photosystem I.
Figure 1: Typical LED emission spectra normalized to their maxima. The blue curve corresponds to the spectrum of the blue LED of the DIVING-PAM-II/B, the red curve represents the red LED in the DIVING-PAM-II/R. Both DIVING-PAM-II versions can be a far-red LED which emits maximally above 700 nm (rightmost curve). Peak wavelength and full width at half maximum (in brackets) are indicated.
The second difference between the two versions of the spectral window for fluorescence detection. The BLUE version of fluorescence at wavelengths > 630 nm but the RED version of fluorescence at wavelengths > 700 nm (Fig. 2).
Figure 2: Transmittance spectra of detection filters in the DIVING-PAM-II/B (blue line) and DIVING-PAM-II/R (red line).
BLUE or RED Version?
Accessories
Universal Sample Holder DIVING-II-USH
The DIVING-II-USH sample holder is designed for the specific requirements of underwater investigations of samples like sea grass, macroalgae, and corals. The sample holder permits single-hand operation of the DIVING-PAM-II by triggering measurements via a release button A particular mount positions the Miniature Spectrometer MINI-SPEC parallel to the sample level. The robust trigger and spectrometer cables as well as the fiber optics are bundled by a nylon-mesh-cover so thatFyre bending of the fiberoptics can be Basic avoided.
Adapters for DIVING-II-USH
The broad range of applications of the DIVING-II-USH sample holder includes measurements using ambient light or light derived from the internal DIVING-PAM-II light source.
